Ukuqondisa Imiphumela Yokubeka Amaphoyinti Nezinye Iziphakade Zokubeka

Kungani izinyango nezinyawo ziyakhokha ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwemali kwezindawo zokusebenza

Ukubala imali eyakhiwe: Kungani izinyango nezinyawo ziyakhiwa ngama-25–30% yokuqhubeka kwe-HVAC

Njengoba kubikwe uMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States ngonyaka odlule, amafasitela neminyango yezakhiwo zezentengiselwano empeleni kudla amaphesenti angu-25 kuya kwangu-30 awo wonke amandla asetshenziswa izinhlelo zokushisa, zokungenisa umoya nezomoya opholile. Ngokuyinhloko, kunezindlela ezintathu lokhu okungenzeka ngazo. Okokuqala, ukushisa kudlula emafasiteleni nasengilazini uqobo. Okwesibili, ukukhanya kwelanga okudlulayo kubangela izidingo zokupholisa ezengeziwe phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele. Okwesithathu, umoya uyavuza nxazonke lapho izivalo zingalingani ngokwanele. Enye inkinga yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa ukushisa lapho izingxenye zesakhiwo zenza isekethe elifushane ungqimba lokuvikela. Le nkinga ivame ukuba yimbi kakhulu emafasiteleni naseminyango emidala. Zonke lezi zinto ndawonye zibiza abanikazi bezakhiwo cishe amasenti angu-74 ngemitha ngalinye eliyisikwele ngonyaka ngezindleko ezingadingekile zamandla, ngokusho kocwaningo olushicilelwe kuyi-Commercial Building Energy Study emuva ngo-2023.

Amamethrikhi Abalulekile Aphenyisisiwe: U-Factor, SHGC, ne-VT Ematheksthini Ezakhiwo Zokuthengisa

Izinkodi zomthelelo wemithambo yezindawo zokungena ziyabeka ubukhulu bomsebenzi wazo kumetriki emithathu eyisilinganisiweyo:

• U-Factor , ekubonisa ukuthi kuyaphakama kanjani ukuthwasa kwemithambo (izinombolo ezincane zibonisa ukuthi kuyaphakama kangakanani ukuthwasa kwemithambo);
• SHGC (Isiqondiso Sokuthwasa Kwesithunzi Sesolile), esibonisa isiphakade sesithunzi sesolile esingena njengomthelelo;
• VT (Ukuthwasa Kwesibonakalayo), esibonisa ukuthi kuyaphakama kangakanani umthwalo wokubona okuphakeme ngokuzenzakalela.

Izinga le-ASHRAE 90.1-2022 likhawulela i-U-Factor ngo-0.40 ngamafasitela neminyango yezentengiselwano etholakala ezindaweni ezibandayo ezisenyakatho. Nokho, eningizimu izinto zibukeka zihlukile. Abanikazi bezakhiwo kudingeka bagcine i-SHGC ingaphansi kuka-0.25 ukuze balawule lezo zindleko zokupholisa ngoba i-AC ingadla cishe u-60% wawo wonke amandla asetshenziswa kwezinye izakhiwo. Ukwenza kahle ukubonakala kokukhanya kusiza ekuletheni ukukhanya okungokwemvelo kuyilapho kugcina ukukhanya kuphansi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bangaphakathi bahlala bekhululekile. Lokhu kunciphisa inani likagesi eliya ekukhanyeni okufakelwayo. Zonke lezi zibalo zibalulekile uma kuziwa ekuhlangabezaneni namazinga e-IECC nasekulungele ukuthola leso sici esifiselekayo se-ENERGY STAR.

Ukukhetha Okufanelekile Kwesimo Sezulu Amafasitela Neminyango Yezakhiwo Zezentengiselwano

Izimo Zomoya Ezibandayo: Ukugcizelela Ukutholakala Kwezinto Ezingaphansi Kwe-U Ngezingilazi Ezintathu Nezikhala Zokugcwalisa Igesi Ezithuthukisiwe

Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano ezisezindaweni ezibandayo lapho ukushisa kudlula khona ama-degree degree angu-5400 ngosuku zidinga amafasitela neminyango engagcina ama-U-factor angaphansi kuka-0.30 uma zifuna ukuvimbela ukushisa ukuba kungaphumi ngendlela yokuqhuba. Indlela engcono yokufinyelela lezo zindinganiso iwukuba sibe namadivayisi anezingilazi ezintathu agcwele igesi i-argon noma i-krypton ngaphakathi. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngoba zinamazinga amaningana okuvikela phakathi kwamafasitela engilazi okusika ukufudumala okungama-40 kuya kwangu-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi ejwayelekile enamafasitela amabili. Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yizembozo ezingezansi ze-E ezisetshenziswayo ezifakwa ezingxenyeni ezingilazi. Lezi zembozo zivumela ukukhanya kwelanga okuwusizo ukuba kungene phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika kodwa zivimbele ukukhanya kwe-infrared okuhamba amaza amade ebusuku. Ezinkampanini ezifuna ukuhlangabezana nemithetho yokwakha, imikhiqizo enophawu lwe-ENERGY STAR Most Efficient ihlanganisa zonke lezi zinto kanye nohlaka olwenzelwe ukuhlukanisa izixhumanisi ezishisayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kusiza abakhiqizi ukuba bahambisane nemigomo eqinile ye-International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) ezindaweni zezulu ezingu-5 kuya ku-8.

Izimo Zomkhathi Ezishisayo/Emanzi: Ukusebenzisa Izingqimba Ezine-SHGC Ephansi Ne-Low-E E-Spectrally Selective

Ezakhiweni lapho ukupholisa kuthatha ingxenye enkulu yesabelomali samandla, iSolar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) iyona ebaluleke kakhulu. Izinga lakamuva le-ASHRAE kusukela ngo-2022 liphakamisa ukugcina i-SHGC ingaphansi kuka-0.25 ezindaweni ezifudumele njengezimo zezulu 1 kuya ku-3. Izembozo ezikhetha ngokusobala ezikhishwayo ezincane zenza izimangaliso lapha. Avimba cishe u-70% walokho kushisa okucasulayo kwe-infrared ukuba kungangeni kodwa avumele cishe ingxenye eyodwa kuya kwezintathu zokukhanya okubonakalayo ukuba kudlule. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sithola zonke izinzuzo zokukhanya kwelanga okungokwemvelo ngaphandle kokuthi sivule i-air conditioning. Hlanganisa la mawindi anezingqimba ze-aluminium ezishaywe ukushisa futhi kwenzeka okuthile okuthakazelisayo. Ukuqandisa kuba inkinga encane ngoba izindawo eziphakemeyo ziyafudumala ngokwanele ukuba zingabi ngaphansi kwamazolo. Abantu abahlala ngaphakathi futhi bakha imvilophu bahlala isikhathi eside ngoba kunomonakalo omncane womswakama owenzeka ngemuva kwezigcawu.

Izinyoka Zokusebenza Ngokuphelele Kwamandla: Ukwenza, Ukubhakisha, Nokuhlanganisa Ngezinyoka Zokufana Kwemithombo Yezindlu

Amathuba Okukhala Kwezindawo Zokugcina Amadoda, Ukubhakisha Kwesikhumba, Nokulinganisa Kwesikhumba Sokuthi Sihlale Kwezinyoka Zokungena Kwemithombo Nokuzwa Kwamadoda

Iminyango yezentengiselwano esebenza kahle incike ezindleleni eziningi ezibalulekile zokwakha ezisebenza ndawonye. Okokuqala kukhona izihibe zokushisa, okuyizithiyo ezingekho conductive ezakhiwe nge-polymer ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwezingqimba zensimbi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisa ukuthi kungadluli kuzo. Khona-ke sinezinto ezivikelayo ezinamandla amakhulu ezifana ne-polyurethane noma i-polystyrene ezandisa ukushisa okuyiphikisayo. Futhi ekugcineni kukhona lezo ziqiniseko zokucindezelwa kwezingxenye ezizungeze izinsika nezinsika ezenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuvimbela umoya ukuba ungafiki. Izinga le-ASHRAE 90.1 2022 libeka amanani aphansi e-R ku-R 5 eminyango eshelelayo futhi phakathi kwe-R 5 ne-R 15 yezinhlelo zokungena. Ukuvuza komoya empeleni kubangela cishe amaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 awo wonke amandla alahlekile e-HVAC ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano ngokusho kwedatha ye-NFRC kusukela ngo-2023. Lokho kwenza ukuvaleka okuhle kubaluleke kunokuba kube yinto enhle nje. Ukuvaleka okuqinile kuyisisekelo esidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iminyango isebenza kahle kanye nezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo uma kuziwa ezintweni ezinjengokugcina ama-U factor ahambisanayo nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kulo lonke igobolondo lesakhiwo.

Ukuthuthukisa Kwemateriali Kwezinyathelo Zokusebenza Kakhulu Zemithambo Neziphakade Zemithambo Yezindawo Zokusebenza

I-Fiberglass, I-Vinyl, Nokuthuthukiswa Kwemithambo Yomthwalo: Ukuchazi Kwemiphumela Yomlando Wokusebenza Nokulandela Kokubhaka Kwemithambo

Uma kuziwa emafasiteleni ezentengiselwano asebenza kahle ngogesi, i-fiberglass, i-vinyl ne-aluminium eqhekezwe ukushisa yiwona akhethwa kakhulu, ngalinye linikeza inhlanganisela ehlukile yokusebenza kahle kokushisa, isikhathi esihlala isikhathi eside, nenani eliphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-fiberglass iyamangalisa ngoba ihlala izinzile ngisho nalapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha, okusho ukuthi izihlungi ziqinile futhi umoya awudluli kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo zingahlala amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokudinga ukugcinwa, ngezinye izikhathi zingahlala iminyaka engaphezu kuka-50. I-vinyl ingenye indlela eqinile enikeza ukufakwa kahle kuyilapho ibiza kancane ekuqaleni. Imiklamo yamakamelo amaningi emakhashini e-vinyl isiza ekufinyeleleni lezo zinhlayiya ezihlaba umxhwele ze-U ezingaphansi kuka-0.30. Ezakhiweni ezidinga kokubili amandla nokuvikelwa ukushisa, i-aluminium eqhekezwe ukushisa inengqondo. Izithiyo ezikhethekile ze-polyamide phakathi kwezingxenye zensimbi zinciphisa ukudluliswa kokushisa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-40 kuya kwangu-60 uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo evamile ye-aluminium. Lokhu kusungula kuvumela lezi zinhlelo zamafasitela ukuba zifinyelele amanani e-R aphezulu njenge-R7, okwenza zikwazi ukuncintisana nezinye izinto naphezu kwezinzuzo zazo zokwakha.

Ukuthi amafasitela amelana kanjani nokugcwala kukagesi kuncike ekutheni amafasitela angaphakathi agcina efudumele kangakanani. Izakhiwo ze-fiberglass zivame ukuhlala ziseduze kakhulu nalokho okwenzekayo ngaphakathi egumbini, kuyilapho i-vinyl iza endaweni yesibili. Imiklamo ye-aluminium ephukile ngokushisa empeleni ifudumala ngaphakathi kunemiklamo ejwayelekile ye-aluminium yenza okuthile okufana nama-5 kuya mhlawumbe ngisho nama-8 degrees Fahrenheit afudumele. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuba babhekane nalezo zinkinga ezicasulayo zokuqina kwesikhumba esizizondayo. Uma ufaka ingilazi ene-E ephansi kanye namagesi afana ne-argon phakathi kwamafasitela, lezi zinto ziba ngcono nakakhulu ekuvimbeleni umswakama emafasiteleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asakuvumela ukukhanya okuningi kwemvelo ukuba kudlule, okwenza kube kuhle ukukhanyisa izindawo ngaphandle kokuvula izibani zokufakelwa usuku lonke.