Izinkinga Ezinamandla Kwezindlela Zokuguqula Izingubo

Izinkinga Zokubeka Nezinkinga Zokubeka Kwesakhiwo Ekuguquleni Iindlela Zokufinyelela

Izindlela ezingenakho nokubeka kwezindawo eziphambili

Amathuba amaningi okwesikhathi esidini ayabona lezi zindlela zokuvula izinyembezi nezindlela zokubeka izihlangothi zokuziphatha njengalezo zokusebenzisa izihlangothi zokuphakama ngokushaya kwezinyawo noma izindlu ezinamandla ekuphakamiseni indlu engaqondi ukuthi ziyasebenza kuphela njengokubeka izinhlobo zokubonisa. Lokho okufanayo kokuhlinzekile kuyabonisa ukuthi izinyembezi zokubuyisela kungazokwazi ukufitsha ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokwenza izinto eziningi. Ngokulandela umlando wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika owaqondisa ukuthi umbili wamashumi amathathu wezinkulungwane zonke zokuhlukana kwezinsuku zokuguqula izindlu zezindawo zokuziphatha ziyaphuma kulezi zindlela zokubeka izihlangothi ezihlinzekile. Uma kusetyenziswa lezi zimo, akukho khetha elingaphezu kwezinyembezi ezinokwenzeka ngokuphelele noma ukubuyisela izihlangothi zokwesikhathi esidini ngokucophelela ukuze zonke zibonakale nokusebenza ngokuphelele. Uma umuntu uzofuna ukuphikisa lokhu okubalulekile, uyakwazi ukuthola izinyembezi ezingafanani ngokuphelele, ukungasinda kwezinyawo zokugcina isithunzi, nokungasinda kwezinyawo zokugcina isithunzi ngokuphelele.

Ukuhamba kwesifundazwe, izibhamu zezindlu, nokuthinteka kwezindlu zokuphakama

Kodwa amaphondo ashiywa, izinkundla zihlaza, noma izindlu zihamba ngokushesha kwezinsuku, kungakwazi ukugqamisa ishaping yezindlu nokumenya indlela yokuhamba kwemitha kubuso lwesikhulu — lokhu kwenza izinkinga ezingakwaziwa xa kufakwa amafenesitela amasha. Amaphakathi amancane, noma amaphakathi angu-1 mm kuphela, angakwazi ukubonisa izinkinga eziqinileyo ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokuthi isikhulu sifana njani emaphakathini. Ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwezindawo zokufaka amafenesitela, abasebenzi bafanele ukubona uma izindlu ezizayo noma amabheemu esikhulu ayisiphambili asiyisithembiso sokuphatha imitha yonke isikhulu. Uma bahlale loku, kunezinkinga eziningi ukuthi umfenesitela omusha ungakhulula imitha eningi kunezokufanele. Izindlu eziphansi kwe-1940 zizofuna izinkokhelo zokusebenza ngokuxhaswa ngokuvamile xa kufakwa amafenesitela ngokwesikhathi samandla, ngokwesifundo esizayo ngokuvamile kwezindawo zokuvamisa izindlu. Uma ubuyela phambili ngalezi zinkokhelo, umphathi wendlu uyadlala ngokuphambuka kwezinkokhelo, ukuphakama kwamaphakathi, nokuhlaza kwamaphakathi kusasa ngeminyaka emibili ngokuvamile.

Ukuhlanzwa kwezimo zokulwa: ukubala nokugcina nokudlula kwamafutha

Izinto esizikhetha futhi indlela esizithumela ngayo ziyaphenduka ngokuphelele ngokuthi yini lezimo zokulwa esizibona ngasinye isonto. Futhi, ngokubheka izihlangothi zesiwini—kuzoba kubala kahle kabili kulandela kwezihlangothi zemithi lapho kufakwa emhlabeni wokuphuma kwezinkambu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lweluminiyamu luyagcina kahle emhlabeni wokuphuma kwezinkambu. Lezi zinkinga zokubala nokugcina zibiza ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe umlando omuhle ngokubhekana nezindawo ezingaphakathi phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza futhi ukuthi kwenziwe izindlela zokuhlukanisa izimo zokulwa. Amakhaya emhlabathi noma izindawo eziphakathi kwezinkambu zinakha ingxenye eyodwa. Uma akukho izinsiza zokususa amafutha futhi akukho izindlela zokuvimbela amafutha, ngokusho kwezifundo zaseBuilding Science Corp esayisenzekile ngo-2023, kunezinkambo ezine kwezishumi ezine zezindlela zokuguqula ezihlukene ziyakwazi ukuthi zibe nezinkinga zokuphatha ngokungafanele ngeminyaka emihlanu. Abathengi abanomthembiso wokuthi lezi zinkinga zibalulekile bazi ukuthi kufanele bamenze izindlela zabo ngokuphelele ngokulingana nezimo zokulwa zasekhaya.

• Amaphrame esikhundleni sokugqibela kwezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu ukuguqula kwesikhathi sendlela yezinsuku nezinyanga
• Amasikrini wezulu ephakemene kwezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu ukufika kwamafutha
• Amaphan ye-sill ephakemene kwezindawo eziphakemene nokuhlanganiswa kweziflashi zonke ngokuphelele

Amaphroblemi ekufakweni okukhuluma kwezinkinga zokugqibela Ukubuyisela kwamaphensteri Inkululeko

Ukugqibela kwamaseyili nokufaka kwezicathulo ezisingaqondi okuzalisa ukufika kwamandla okwenzeka

Izikhala ezincinci ezingaphansi kwe-1/8 inch emuva kwezinyembezi ziyenzela ngokugcina kwamakhanda amaningi kwezindlu ngokwesibonelo saseNingizimu Afrika, ngokulandela irepoto yaseNingizimu Afrika ye-2025. Lezi zikhala eziphansi kakhulu zihlanganisa futhi ukuchitha kwamakhanda okukhanya. Indlela eyodwa enkulu yokwenza isiphulo? Ukukhetha imithombo yokuqondisa engafanele. Imithombo yamacrylic iyahlanuka kusho kakhulu lapho ubunzima buphakanyiswa nokusula phakathi kwezinsuku zomkhosi. Imithombo yase-silicone iyabona kusho kakhulu kuphela ngokubambisana kwezinkathi ezinkulu zokushisa nokuhlupha ngoba iyabamba ubuhle bakhe kude kakhulu. Indlela eyodwa enkulu ekhathazekileyo yisikrini sokufaka i-J channel noma i-Z flashing ngokuphelele emuva kwezinto zokuvimbela amakhanda esikhundla esifaka kwezindlu. Uma usindise lokhu, amanzi ayofuna indlela yenyanga yayo yokungena, ayobuya kumadlingo asekhaya apho akufanele abe. Uma lezi zinkinga azisolvuliwe kuqala, ziyasendleleni yokubulawa kwamakhanda, ukuthutha kwamashilaphu, nokubulawa kwamakhanda okuvimbela. I-Ponemon Institute yabelu kuzo zinkatha ezingaphansi kwezindlu zokusebenza ngo-2023 futhi yafindela ukuthi izibhalo zokusiza ziyagcina ngokugcina kwe-$740,000 kumaqondo amaningi okubulawa.

Ukufaka Okungafanele Kuyenza Ukuthi Kube Nempilo, Ukuthi Kube Nempilo Yekhanda, Nokwenza Isibonelo Sokubona Kwesikhundla

Ukungagqoki kahle kudala zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga ngoba kubeka ingcindezi engalingani emafreyimini amafasitela. Lokhu kuholela ekuguqulweni okubangela ukuba lezo ziqiniseko ezinhle esizifunayo ziqale ukuhluleka ngokushesha kunalokho okufanele. Amafasitela ahleli emithambekeni ephendukile noma afakwe ezindongeni ezingekho emithambekeni adlulisela ukucindezeleka emaceleni ezakhiweni ezizungezile. Lokhu sikubona njengoba kuvela imifantu unyaka nonyaka noma ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezindleko zokushisa ngezinye izikhathi okungaphezu kuka-$250 ngonyaka. Iningi labaqeqeshiwe liyazi ukuthi yini esebenza kangcono kulezi zinsuku. Amazinga e-laser asiza ekuqondiseni izinto kahle kuyilapho izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuqondisa zihlukanisa umthwalo kuwo wonke umdwebo kunokuba ugxile endaweni eyodwa. Ngokuqondile emafasiteleni e-vinyl, ukushiya igebe okungenani elingangekota intshi njalo ngemva kokufakwa kwamamitha ayishumi kuvimbela lezo zinsimbi ezingathandeki lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha. Uma ungawenzi la mathiphu, abanikazi bamakhaya bagcina belungisa izicucu, beshintsha izinto zokuvikela, bese bephinda umsebenzi we-drywall kamuva. Lezi zinguquko zingenza kalula ukuba izindleko zokulungisa ziphindwe kathathu kunalokho ukufakwa okufanele ngabe kwakudinga ekuqaleni.

Amathuluzi, Ukuphepha, nokuthuluzwa Kwezinkinga Zokusebenza Ngaphambi Kokuguqula Amadoda

Ukuchaza Okuphelele Ngaphambi Kokufaka Kwezinto Ezifihlileyo Ngokugcina Umkhakha Nokubhekisana Kwemikhakha Ezingavumelekile

Ukuhlola ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokufaka amafasitela amasha kuyadingeka ngempela lapho kusetshenziswa izakhiwo ezindala, akuyona into ongakwazi ukuyigwema. Ukubola okufihliwe kuyayiphazamisa indlela isakhiwo esiqine ngayo nokuthi iwaranti ihlanganisa malini ngempela. Ngokuvamile, onjiniyela basebenzisa imitha ekhethekile yokuhlola umswakama nemishini yokuthwebula izithombe ezishisayo ukuze bathole umonakalo ofihlekile ngemuva kwezindonga noma i-plaster, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho amanzi esehlale engena khona iminyaka eminingi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-30 ezinkinga zokwakhiwa kwezingodo ezakhiweni ezakhiwa ngaphambi kuka-1950 zivela emanzini asele isikhathi eside ehlala ehlathini. Ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izixhumanisi zesakhiwo zisasebenza kahle futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlaka lwamanje lungakwazi yini ukubhekana nesisindo nokucindezeleka okuvela emafasiteleni amasha. Ukweqa lesi sinyathelo kuholela ezimweni eziyingozi endleleni, ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi, nokulungiswa okubizayo ngemva kokufakwa okungase kugwenywe ngokulungiselela kahle kusengaphambili.

Imithwalo yokugcina izinhloso zempilo, imisebenzi esebenzisa indlela ephakeme ekuphakamiseni amandla, nokuthintana kwezinto ezisemthwakweni

Kukhona imithetho eminingi ekusebenzeni kwezindlu kwezindawo zokuhlelwa kwesikhathi esidala, ngokuthi yini okwenzelwa ukusebenzisa ngokwemithombo, iindlela zokufakwa kwamaphensteri, izigaba zomthwalo wamaphensteri, nokuziphatha kwezinto ngokwesibonelo. Igovernment yaseNingizimu eyayisisekelo iyathatha izindlela zokuhlela umkhakha wemithi kuzo zonke izindlu ezazikwenziwa ngaphambi kuka-1978. Lokhu kuchaza ukugcina umthwalo, ukusebenzisa amavakuumu ayo amakhulu ayeza kumaphetha (HEPA), nokwenza izivivinyo emva kokusebenza ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinto zihle kusukela kwezinto ezingahleli. Ukufumana iziqephu esebenza ngokuphelele njengezinqamuzi zezindlu zokudala noma umthwalo wobunqanqane obuyisilinganiso sokwenzelwa ngokwesibonelo kubiza izinkinga eziphakeme kubabophi. Ngamanye amaxesha bafuna ukufaka izinto eziphelele kakhulu njengezinqamuzi ezintathu zomthwalo nezimboni ezincane, kodwa lezi ziqondwa kumaphetha okungabiyo noma zihlwa ngokuphelele ngabahloli. Ukuzinikela kuqala ngabahloli bakuhlelwa kwesikhathi esidala kwebhulokwe futhi abasemthwalo wemithi akuyiyo kuphela ukwenza okuhle kodwa kuyiyo ukwenza okunengqondo uma sifuna ukungena kumaphetha okungabiyo, ukuguqula okungabiyo okunengqondo, noma ukuthi sibhalwe ngamaphetha amakhulu emva kwalokho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani akukwazi ukusebenzisa imifanekiso yezinyawo zokubuyisela ezenziwe ngokujwayelekile kumathuba alobuchwepheshe?

Amathuba alobuchwepheshe ayisisekelo esingasemthethweni futhi amaphakathi amahistori asingasemthethweni, okungakhulisi imifanekiso yezinyawo zokubuyisela ezenziwe ngokujwayelekile. Imifanekiso eyenzelwe ngokuphatha okuphathelene nalo noma ukubuyisela kwamaphakathi okwesibonelo kusiza ukuthi ifanekiso libe liphathelene ngokuphelele futhi libe lelithuluzi.

Kungani ukubheka ubukhulu bokuphatha kubalulekile kabusha phambi kokubuyisela izinyawo?

Ukubheka ubukhulu bokuphatha kubalulekile ukuze usivume ukuthi izindlu nezinkambo zezinyawo ziyakwazi ukuthintana nokuphatha kwezinyawo futhi ukuthintana nokuphatha kwebhizinisi.

Ukuvutha kufaka kanjani isibonelo esikhulu ekubuyiselweni kwezinyawo?

Ukuvutha kufaka isibonelo esikhulu ekukhethweni kwezinto ezisebenzayo nokukhethwa kwezindlela zokufaka ngokwesibonelo sokuvutha, njengokuthi izilingo zokuvutha zikhiyela ukuthi izinto zihlale zihlala futhi zihlale zihlala, futhi umsindo wokuvutha ukuthi izinto zihlale zihlala futhi zihlale zihlala.

Izinkinga ziziphi eziningi ekubuyiselweni kwezinyawo?

Izinkinga eziningi ziyizindlela zokuhlala kwezinyawo zokubuyisela okuzosiba ukuthi izinyawo zihlale zihlala futhi ukuthi umsindo wokuvutha uzosiba ukuthi izinyawo zihlale zihlala futhi ukuthi ukufaka okungafanele kuzosiba ukuthi izinyawo zihlale zihlala futhi ukuthi izindlu zihlale zihlala.

Izimali zezimali zezimali ziziphi ezibalulekile ekubuyiselweni kwezinyawo?

Amadirekthive njengokusebenzisa izindlela eziphatha ngokuphelele ukuthi kunezinkabi nezindlela zokuhlinza izindawo zezinhlangano zokugcina izinhlangano zokuzalwa ziyasiza ukuthi zibe nesikhathi esihlukile nokubona ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuphelele ekuguquleni izindawo ezidala, ikakhulu emazini okuzalwa.