Izinyawo Zokuvutha: Isiphumo Sokulawula Ukuvutha

Ukusebenza Kwamadlozi Ophakathi: Ukuqonda Kwemithambo Yokuqinisa Umkhondo

Imithambo, Ukulahla, Ukuvalelwa Kwegama, Nokubhala: Imiphumela Emine Yemithambo Yokuhlangana Kwemikhondo Okuyinto Ehlukileyo Ngaso Sonke Isidlozi Ophakathi

Ukukhokha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha ukuthi kubhekwe izinkomba ezi-4 zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwe......

Ukuziqonda i-RW (Indikisi Yokugcina Isandla Sokusho Emphakathi) nezimilingo ze-STC bamasheko Okugcina Isandla Sokusho

Xa uyabona amasheko okugcina isandla sokusho okwesikhundla esiphakeme amasheko okugcina isandla sokusho , ukuziqonda izinombolo zezimilingo zabo zokugcina isandla sokusho kuyisisekelo esibalulekile. Qala ngomlingo we-RW, okwethu yindikisi yokugcina isandla sokusho emphakathi. Le ndikisi iyasebenzisa kuzo konke izwe zaseYurophi ngokwesifundo se-ISO 717-1. Kuyibonakalisa kakhulu ukuthi umasheko ugcina isandla sokusho ngendlela ephakeme kangakanani kuzo zonke iziqu zokusho. Amasheko okukhulu okuhle ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagcina isandla sokusho ngokuphakeme kahle, ayagc......

Amalayishu amaningi akhombisa ukuthi ubunikazi wakhiwe ngokuphelele—akuyiyo kuphela ubunikazi lwesikhundla, kodwa nasezinye izigaba zokugcina emaphakathini, izihlalo zokugcina ezisondelana, nokufaka amadampu. Ngoba i-STC ne-RW zizimboni zokuzilungiselela emlabathini ngemiphumela yezimo eziphelele, kudingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukuthi kubonwe ngokwesibonelo esingaphansi kwesibonelo (isibonelo: UL, Intertek, noma izilabho zokuzilungiselela zokuzilungiselela) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kusebenza ngokwempilo.

Izindlala Zokuzilungiselela Ukushaya Kusuka Kwesikhundla Noma Kwesifazane: Ukuchaza Ubunikazi Ngokuchaza Umsebenzi Nomlando

Izindlala Zokuzilungiselela Ukushaya Kusuka Kwesikhundla: Ukusolveka Ukungabi Nokunye Okwesikhundla Nezimboni Ezisondelana Kwesikhundla Kwamaphakathi Nezindawo Zokusebenza

Izindlela zokuzula zezindlu nezibhizinisi ezihlelwe kahle azikhiyeli imithwalo ngempela ngoba azinamandla angaka kunjalo futhi zinezinye izikhala emaphakathini. Imithwalo iphuma ngqo kulezi zindawo zokuphakathi ozinazo izilayi zokuhlanza, futhi iphuma kulezi zindawo apho indlela iyahlukana nezifunda, nasezinkundleni, nasezindawo zokubeka isikhumba. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kubalulekile ukuzulazula ngokuprivatha emaphakathini, emakhaya, noma kusenzo lwe-telehealth. Kunezinkinga ezingine: imithwalo inakha kumagugu amaningi nasezinkundleni ngokuphelele phambi kwendlela yena. Ukushintsha kwezindlela zokuzula zezinhlobo zokufana kuyenza ukuthi zibe nzima kakhulu, okunconywa ukuthi kunciphisa imithwalo iphuma ngaphandle. Lezi zindlela zokuzula zikhiyela umbono wemithwalo ngokuphakeme kwezinye zokuzula zezinhlobo zokufana. Uma kusebenziswa kwezindawo ebalulekile kakhulu njengezindawo zokurekoda, izindawo zokuhlola abadokotela, noma izindawo zokusebenza zezinhlobo zokuvula, kubalulekile ukudibanisa izisekelo sezimithwalo zokuzula zezinhlobo zokufana kuzo zonke izinye zezindawo zokuzula. Ukuhlolwa kwakasemva kubonisa ukuthi ukushintsha izindlela zokuzula zezibhizinisi ngokushintsha kwezindlela zokuzula zezinhlobo zokufana nokufaka izisekelo zokugcina zokuzula kunciphisa umkhondo wemithwalo ngokuphakeme kwe-30–35 decibels, okwenza umphumela omuhle kuthi bantwana bafuna ukuzulazula ngokuprivatha uma baphepha izindlela zokuzula.

Izinyango Zokuphatha Isithunzi Ngaphandle: Ukubalansha Ukusebenza Kwemiphumela Yekhali, Ukuthabatha Kwezinsuku, Ukubulawa, Nokufaneleka Kwemibiko Yezindawo

Izinyango zokuvula zokugcina izimilo zokusho zokufakwa ngaphandle kwezindawo kufanele zivule izimilo zokusho ngokuphelele futhi zibe nesibindi sokubona imithwalo yezinsuku, zibe nesibindi sokubona, futhi zifanele zifundiswe ngokuphelele. Lezi zinyango zihlukile kwezinyango zokugcina zokusho zokudala ngoba zifanele zibe nezinyathelo zokuvula ezithile okuzovula umfula, umoya, nokuthwasa nakuloku kungakhathalisi ukuguqula kwamaphuzu ngeminyaka. Isteel eyingcwele ngokwesikhathi, i-fiberglass composites, noma i-aluminum ngezinyathelo zokuvula zokugcina amaphuzu ziyasebenzisa ngokuvamile njengamathuba akhethekile ngokwesibindi sokuvula izimilo zokusho (ngokwesibindi sokuvula RW 40) futhi zinakwenzela ukubona ukuchitha kwezinsuku zokuchitha nokusho kwezinsuku zokusho ngeminyaka. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zihlola futhi ukuthi lezi zinyango zibe nesibindi sokuvula ukuthi zilinde isibindi sokuvula (njengokwesibindi sokuvula UL 10C), zivule ukufuna kwezinkundla zokufuna ngokwesibindi sokuvula ADA, futhi zivule ukuthi abantu bavule ngokusho. Lezi zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zihlola indlela yokwakha lezinyango ngaphakathi futhi zihlola izinto zokuvula ezizakwakha ngaphakathi. Abasemthwabeni abanamandla kusasa bafunda ukuthi bafaka izinyathelo zokuvula amaphuzu, izinyathelo eziningi zokuvula ngaphakathi kwezinyango, futhi izinyathelo zokuvula zokugcina izimilo zokusho ngaphakathi kwezinyango yonke. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi zisebenze kahle emazini aphakathi kwezindawo zokusho zokugcina, emazini aphakathi kwezindawo zokusho zokugcina, futhi emazini aphakathi kwezindawo zokusho zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokusho zokugcina nezindawo zokusho zokugcina. Isiphumo? Izinyango ezingavula izimilo zokusho, zivula izindleko zokusebenzisa amandla, futhi zivula ukuthi bonke besebenze ngokuphelele.

Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Isibonelo Sokugcina Isithunzi Nokudibanisa Amasiko

Amasiko Osebenza Ngaphakathi Kwesibonelo, Amasiko Owona Amanqaku, Namasiko Osebenza Ngokuphambuka Kwezinye Izingxenye: Ukuvula Izindlela Zokubhala Kwezinye Izingxenye

Izindawo ezingaphakathi kwesibonelo nasezindaweni zokuphambuka kwezinye izindawo ziyagcina i-50% yezindlela zokubhala kwezinye izindawo—kodwa noma ngokubhekeleka kakhulu kwezinye izindawo. Izingxenye ezintathu zokuthuthukisa ziyavula lezi zindlela:

• Amasiko osebenza ngaphakathi kwesibonelo , okwenzelwa ngokuvamile ngomthwalo wokufaka noma ngomthwalo wokufaka kwezinye izindawo, ayabulawa phakathi kwesibonelo nesibonelo uma isibonelo sifakwa, ukuvula izindlela zokubhala kwezinye izindawo.
• Amasiko owona amanqaku , awasebenzisa umkhondo noma umkhondo wokufaka kwezinye izindawo kuphela uma isibonelo sifakwa ngokuphelele, ayavula izindawo zokuphambuka kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle kokuvula izindlela zokuphambuka kwezinye izindawo noma ukuzimela ukusebenza.
• Amasiko osebenza ngokuphambuka kwezinye izindawo , awadibaniswe kwezinye izindawo zokuphambuka kwezinye izindawo ngemithwalo yezinye izindawo noma imithwalo yezinye izindawo, ayabulawa kwezinye izindawo ezingaphakathi—ukuvula izindawo zokuphambuka kwezinye izindawo okwenzelwa ngokungafani kwezinye izindawo noma ngokuphambuka kwezinye izindawo.

Kodwa kufakwa kusobonisa isistimu esihlanganisiweyo sokugasket, lezi ziqembu zizokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwakho kwe-STC ngama-8–12 amapoyinti, ngokwesiqulelo se-ASTM E90. Umphumela uyaphendula kubukhulu bokufaka: izithu zokulungiselela, ukuvumela kokuphefumula, nokulungiselela kwezindawo zokuhlamba ziyasekha ukuthi akukho amagapa e-ayirhi abe khona ekupheleni kokuhlamba.

Ukubakwa Kwemithambo Yomkhono, Izilaminate Zase-Vinyl Ezinamandla, Nezintechi Zokubakwa Kwemithambo Yomkhono

Amadola angaphansi akhona umkhono wokubakwa okunamandla okudinga ukuthuthukisa ukuthintana komthwalo. Ukubakwa kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa kuzokuthuthukisa lokhu kubuhle bakhiyana:

Amaphakathi okuphathelene ayisisekelo esikhulu uma kufundwa ngokulahla kwesithonjana. Isidlali esisodwa noma isidlali sokubeka izinto ngokuphelele esinamandla akhethekile aqala ukusiza. Amaphakathi okuphathelene okuqondwa ngokuphelele ayasebenza kahle futhi ngoba ayathwasa isithonjana ngaphandle kokukhula kakhulu noma ukubeka izinto ngokuphelele kakhulu. Amaphakathi okuphathelene amaningi amadala ayisombulula amaphakathi amabili njengokubeka izinto ngokuphelele esigypsum noma isilayidi ngezindawo ezithile zokuthwasa okuphathelene ngaphakathi. Lezi ziqondlo ziyakwazi ukufika emaphakathini okuphathelene okuqondwa ngokuphelele (STC) okungezansi kuka-50, okuyisibonelo esikhulu kunezindawo zokuphathelene zezindawo ezingenani ezizokwenzela ukuthi zibe phakathi kuka-25 kuya kuka-30 kuleli qondlo. Lokhu okuhle kakhulu kukuba lezi ziqondlo zokuphathelene zazimele zibekwe njengendlela yokuqonda kwezindawo zezindawo zokuphathelene zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo. Izilaboratori zizokwenzela ukuzifunda kahle, futhi izindawo eziningi zezindawo zizobonisa ukuthi zisebenza kahle kwezindawo zezindawo.

Kungani Kufanele Uthenge Indawo Yokulahla Kwesithonjana? Iziphrofithi Ezinokubonwa Ngokujwayelekile Kuwo Wonke Amaphakathi

Izinyango zokuvimbela izwi zizokhokha ngamazwi amaningi uma kufundwa ngokuphelele kwezimpilo, ukusebenza kuka bantu, ukulandela imithetho, nokusebenza ngokwanele. Faka izindlu zokusebenza njengombuzo. Uma kunezinyango ezinamaphuzu okuvimbela izwi phakathi kwezindawo, abasebenzi bafunda ngokulinganayo. Kunesifundo esiphathelene ne-journal ye-Building and Environment esibonisa ukuthi abasebenzi babenomkhawulo wokufunda ngaphezu kwe-50% uma besebenza emazini apho izwi zilivimbekile. Kumaqondweni, lezi zinyango zikhipha kakhulu izimfihlo zangaphandle. Izimfihlo zokugcina izinsiza nezimfihlo zezinkanyezi zikhiphwa ngaphezu kwe-90%, okusho ukuthi abantu bahlala bafuna ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokubuya emva kwezinye izikhathi, futhi izinhlobo zabo zibonisa isigaba esincane sokuchitha kwezimpilo ngemva kwezikhathi eziningi. Iziphrofithi azisidla kona. Izinyango ezenziwe ngokuphelele zinconywa ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo zokuhlanza. Izinguquko zokuhlisa izindawo zihlala ziyagula ngaphezu kwe-10% ku-20% ngonyaka ngoba amandla angapheleli akhuphukela, futhi ngokujabulisana, zikhipha amandla okuchitha ekuseni kanye nokuvimbela ukuthi amandla ayishintsha phakathi kwezindawo.

Iziphrofithi zokusebenza kwezindawo zokusebenza zihlanganisa:

• Ukugcinwa komhlaba : Kuvumela ukuxoxwa kwezinkampani ngokuphathelene ne-HIPAA ngokusebenzisa izihlathi zesikhundla se-STC 45+ esizokutholakala ngokuphelele
• Ukwethemba : Kusiza ekubhekiseni kwemibuzo engapheliyo nokubhekisa emaphondweni okuhlanganisa abantu abanenkinga, ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zezinyawo ze-STC 45+ eziqinisekisiwe
• Ukuwasha nokusebenza kwezindustria : Ukuvikela abasebenzi besebenta lezinyawo ukusukela kwezinye zezinyawo ezinomkhondo omkhulu (≥85 dB)
• Izindlu zezigaba eziningi : Ukucimba umkhondo wokugcina phakathi kwezinyawo—kuyisidingo sokuthola i-IBC Section 1207 nokubhekana nezinhlelo zokuphatha umkhondo zasekhaya

Ngokufaka isivumelwano sezindlela zokuphatha umkhondo—umbungu, ukuchitha, ukusinda, nokulotshwa—izinyawo zokuvikela umkhondo ziyakuguqula izinyawo zokusebenza kuizinyawo ezinamandla. Ivali yazo iyagcina phakathi kwezinyawo: ziyasiza ekuphileni kahle, ukuphathelene nezinhlelo zokuphatha, ukuphatha kwezimali, nokusebenza kwezindlu ngokudala.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini ubungani obukhethekile bakhozinyawo zokuvikela umkhondo?

Ubungani obukhethekile bakhozinyawo zokuvikela umkhondo kukuthi kuzokwakha umkhondo wokugcina ngokuphelele, kusiza ekuphileni kahle nokuphathelene nezinhlelo zokuphatha, kulezindawo eziningi njengezindlu, izindawo zokusebenza, nezindawo zokuphatha abantu.

Indlela yokuthi izinyawo zokuvimbela ukuthi zihlala kuziphatha njani?

Izinyawo zokuvimbela zihlala kuziphatha ngemithambo emine: ubukhulu, ukuvimbela, ukuphulula, nokuvimbela kwesibhakabhaka. Lezi zindlela zisebenza ngokuhlanganisa ukuhlala kwezivimba nezivimba zokuvimbela, ukunqoba ukuthi zihlale kuziphatha ngapha kwezinyawo.

I-STC ratings noma izirating zokugcina ukuthi kushele kufanele kubhekwa njani?

I-STC ratings, noma izirating zokugcina ukuthi kushele kufanele kubhekwa, zibhalisa ukuthi izinyawo zihlala kuziphatha njani ukuthi kushele kufanele kubhekwa. Izirating ezide zibonisa ukuthi zihlala kuziphatha njani, okuyisidingo esikhulu ukuthi sibophelele isibhakabhaka futhi sivimbile ukuthi kushele kufanele kubhekwa emizini yonke.

Kunezinto eziphathelene nezinyawo zokuvimbela?

Yebo, izinyawo zokuvimbela ziyasebenzisa izinto ezifana nezinyawo zomthwalo, izilayi, izikomphosi zeziglashe, nokuvimbela kwezinyawo zokuvimbela ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bazo futhi ukuthi kuvimbekwe izivimba zokuvimbela. Lezi zinto zihlala kuziphatha ngokuthi zihlala kuziphatha futhi zivimbekwe izivimba zokuvimbela ngokuphelele.

Ingaba izinyawo zokuvimbela zingafakwa kumaphethini amabili (ngaphakathi kanye nangaphandle)?

Yebo, amadlozi okukhupha izimilo angakwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina nezindawo zokuhamba ngaphandle. Amadlozi okukhupha izimilo ngaphandle akwakhiwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ayizindawo zokugcina nokubusa izinto zokugcina futhi aqinisekise ukuthi ayisikhungo esingenayo ukukhupha izimilo.

Kuzoba kubonakala kanjani izindlela eziningi zokukhupha izimilo ngaphandle kokukhupha izimilo?

Ngaphandle kokukhupha izimilo, amadlozi okukhupha izimilo aqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu uyasebenza ngokuphelele, aqinisekisa ukuthi ubunzima bokusebenzisa imithombo yomdlalo ngokuphelele ngokuphatha ukuthi kungahleli kakhulu ukuthi kufanele kuselwa kwezindawo zokugcina nezindawo zokuhamba ngaphandle, futhi aqinisekisa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokugcina nezindawo zokuhamba ngaphandle.