Ukuziqonda Izinkinga Zemifula Yebhizinisi

Ukufaneleka Kwesigaba Nezinhlobo Zokuthuthukisa Kwezinyathelo Zokuvula Nokuvula Kwemithombo Yemithombo

Izimiqondo Ezingafanele: Ukuvula Kwezinyathelo Zokuvula, Ukuphinda Kuzo, Izihlalo Ze-STC, Nezimiqondo Zokulawula I-UV

Amafasitela neminyango yezakhiwo zezentengiselwano kudingeka kudlule ekuhlolweni okuqinile kokuphepha futhi kusebenze ngokwethembeka ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo. Lapho kuziwa ekutheni abantu baphume ngokuphepha lapho kunesimo esiphuthumayo, imithetho yezakhiwo ibeka izimfuneko ezithile mayelana nezindawo zokuphuma. Lezi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa okungenani isikhala sokuvula esingamasentimitha angu-20 nangama-intshi angu-24, i-hardware evulwa ukunyakaza okukodwa nje, futhi akukho zithiyo ezivimba indlela ngokusho kwe-IBC 1010. Ezindaweni ezishaywa iziphepho njalo, ukumelana nomthelela kuba okubaluleke kakhulu. Imikhiqizo lapho idlula ekuhlolweni okunzima kokushayisana kwemishini ngokulandela izindinganiso ze-ASTM E1996 futhi idinga nokuhlola imithetho yendawo efana nekhodi ye-FL 16-7A yaseFlorida. Ukulawula umsindo nakho kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi emahhovisi edolobha agcwele abantu noma ezibhedlela lapho ubumfihlo bubalulekile khona. Izindawo eziningi zifuna amazinga e-STC angaphezu kuka-40 ukuze umsindo ongaphandle ungaphazamisi ukugxila noma ukuphumula kwesiguli. Izembozo ezincane ze-E ezivimba imisebe ye-UV zingezinye izinto okumelwe zibe nazo kulezi zinsuku. Njengoba zinama - NFRC 300, zivimbela cishe yonke imisebe yelanga eyingozi kodwa zivumela ukukhanya okuningi kwemvelo ngaphakathi, okusiza ukuvikela ifenisha naphansi ngaphandle kokwenza izindawo zibe mnyama.

Ukugcinwa kwe-NAFS (CW vs. AW) nokuthintha kwakho kwezinkundla zokusebenza nezinkundla zokuphatha kwezinhloso

Ngokwesiqephu saseNorth America sokufakwa kwezinyango (NAFS), izinyango neziduli zemithombo yezindlu zihlukanwa ezimbili ngokwezinkulu: izinyango zemithombo (CW) nezinyango zokubhala (AW). Isigaba se-CW sisebenza kumithombo engaqondi kakhulu, lapho umoya akuyiyo inkulumo enkulu futhi imizimba yomhlaba iyisisekelo esinormali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyango zokubhala (AW) zibhakelwe kumithombo eminingi, amaphakathi amadlinga emkhanda, noma amaphakathi apho izindlu ziyiphatha umoya omkhulu kakhulu futhi ziyibhakelwe kuzo umoya wokuphuma kwezilwane ngokuphelele. Izinto eziyisigaba se-AW zingasuswa ngokulingana nokulingana kwesigaba se-CW ngokulingana kwe-2.5, futhi zingabhekisa ukungafiki kwezinyango ngaphezu kwe-0.06 CFM ngosikweleti sabantu ngokuphelele nakuba zisuswa ngaphezu kwezilinganiso zokuzama ngokulingana kwe-25%. Lokhu kwenza kubo ukuthi bengaphambili kakhulu ekugcineni isikhathi sendawo ngendawo yezindlu futhi bakhiphe ukuthi zilwe ngamandla okuhlanza ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo sezempilo, lezinyathelo zihambisana ngokuthi zingabangela ukuthi kusebenze kancane kwezimali ngokubhakelwa kwezindlu futhi zingavikela izinkinga ezenziwa ngumoya namanzi ekufakweni kwezinto, okungakwazi ukuthi kubhekiswe kuzo ukungabi nesikhathi sokusebenza futhi ukuthi kubhekiswe kuzo ukuthi kubhishwe kancane.

Ukuhlanganisa Kwemithambo Yokuqinisa Kwamandla Nokusebenza Kwemithambo Yokuqinisa Kwamandla Amafasitela Neminyango Yezakhiwo Zezentengiselwano

I-Value Yokuqinisa Kwamandla, I-Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC), Nokuhlanganisa Kwemithambo Yokuqinisa Kwamandla Kwezinsuku Zokusebenza

I-Value ye-U ithi kuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi ukuthi uk......

Izinqakatha Zokusebenza Kwizikhathi Zokuphathwa Kwezulu Nezinkulumo Zokuhambisana Nge-ASHRAE 90.1 Ne-LEED

Izidingo zokusebenza zihambisana kakhulu ngokuthi uyaphi xa uyasebenzisa i-ASHRAE Standard 90.1, okuyisifunda sokugcina imithwalo yomdlalo esebenzisa ngakho konke isizwe. Faka isikhundla sokuqala sika-5 njengokufanayo ngezindawo zika-Chicago ne-Minneapolis, lapho kubonwa ukuthi kunezidingo ezinkulu kakhulu. I-U-Factor enkulu ekuvuleni izinyathelo ziyaphela ku-0.40 kuzinyathelo ezingavuli, futhi iyaphela ku-0.45 kuzinyathelo ozivula nokuvula. Lokhu kuyisibonelo sezinkinga ezingu-15–20% ezinkulu kusukela kwezindawo ezinemilo emhlophe kwi-Climate Zone 2 njengaka-Atlanta noma ka-Phoenix. Amaprojekthi wokwakha angathola iziponti eziningi ngokusebenzisa i-LEED v4.1 uma bafaka izinyathelo ozikhipha kwezinyathelo ezinkulu kwezinye zeziponti zokusebenza zika-NFRC kuzinye zezinyathelo zokwakha nezindawo zokuhlala. Ukwenza lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu. Amabhizinisi ayabona ukuthi abayabeka amaphuzu angu-10–30% kwezimali zokusebenza kusukela kwezimali zokwakha ngokujwayelekile, futhi konke kubhalwa ngokushesha kumaphrojekthi wokuhlanzwa nokuhlanzwa ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe ngokuphambuka kwemiphumela.

Isiqephu, Isivumelwano, nokufaneleka kwezinyathelo zokusebenza kwezinyathelo zokuvula nezinyathelo zokuvula kwezindlu zokusebenza

Lapho ukhetha izinto zokwakha amafasitela neminyango yezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, kuhlale kunokulinganisela okunzima phakathi kokuthi zihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani, uhlobo lwesondlo esiludingayo, kanye nezindleko zesikhathi eside okungekho muntu othanda ukukhuluma ngazo. I-aluminium iqinile uma iqhathaniswa nesisindo sayo futhi ayigqwali kalula, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu lapho ufaka izindonga ezinkulu. Kodwa nakhu okuyiphutha: Lezi zinhlaka ze-aluminium zidinga ukuphazamiseka okukhethekile kokushisa uma sifuna zidlule izidingo zanamuhla eziqinile ze-U-Value. I-fiberglass nayo inento enhle. Ihlala izinzile ngisho nalapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha kakhulu, ikhula kancane kakhulu ngokushisa, futhi ngokuvamile ayizinaki izicelo zokugcinwa. Yini embi ngalo? Intengo iqala ukugijima ngoba i-fiberglass yenza kahle kakhulu. I-vinyl ihlala ithandwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezifanele zokuvikela umswakama nokukwazi ukubhekana nomswakama, nakuba ngemva kweminyaka ihlala elangeni, ivame ukulahlekelwa amandla athile futhi ishintshe umbala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe ze-resin zokhuni zibuyisela lowo muzwa ofudumele wokwakha kuyilapho zilwa nokubola nezinambuzane kangcono kunokhuni olujwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, akekho ofuna izinto zakhe ezihlanganisiwe ziqhekeke, ngakho kudingeka zilungiswe njalo ukuze zibonakale zizinhle.

I-Aluminum, i-Fiberglass, i-Vinyl, kanye ne-Composites za-Wood-Resin: Ukuphatha Okuphelele, Ukugcina, kanye nokuthintana Kwemali

Ukuqinisa kwe-aluminum kuyakusiza kakhulu emazweni apho amafutha amakhulu akhona, kodwa kukho isibonelo esinye xa kufikwa ekupheleni kwemisebenzi yokuqinisa. Ukubamba kwezinto zokuzimela kuyisibonelo esikhulu lapha, ngakho ke kufanele sisebenzise izinto zokuzimela ezivumekileyo ngokwesifundo sika-AAMA 1503 uma sifuna ukuthola izivalo ze-U phansi kuka-0.40. I-fiberglass ibonakala ngokwanele ngoba ayiqinisi kancane ngaphandle kokuphila, ayizihlabe ngenkanyeza yamafutha, futhi iyabuza umoya wokushisa ngamashumi amaningi. Lokhu kuthabatha ukuthi izivalo zezindawo zokugcina izimilo zokuhambisa izimilo zokushisa (Sound Transmission Class) ziyabuyela ngokuphelele, futhi izivalo ze-U azigcine kancane nakuba izintempelature zihambisana ngokukhulu phakathi kwezinkulu nezincane. I-vinyl inobunzima obuhle kuqala futhi inomthwalo wokuzimela owodwa. Kodwa, imizimba eyinkulu kakhulu ingayenza izilungiselelo ziyahlela, futhi ukushisa okuphakade kuyadlula izilungiselelo ngokukhulu kunezidingo. Izinkombinati zezinkomo ne-resin ziyabuza ubuchwepheshe obubhekene nabantu bafuna, futhi ziyasinda kakhulu ngokuphambana nokuvulwa kwezinhlobo zemifula. Kuyadlula ukuthi lokhu kufanele kubhalwe, kodwa lezi zinhlobo zingadinga ukubhalwa ngokushesha kunezinhlobo ezingenabuthakathi kuphela, ikakhulu lapho ubukhulu bekwezinhlobo zemifula kubhili kakhulu noma ephakathi kwezindawo zemfula.

Ukuhambisana Kwemiphumela Yokusebenza: Amaphoyinti, Izikolo, Izinkampani Zokuphatha Isifo, Namaphoyinti Okuthengisa

Ukubhalwa kwezinhlobo kufanele kuhambisane ngokuphelele nesikhathi sokusebenza, izimthetho, nabafundi basebenzi obuyindilinga yonke imithombo yezindawo:

• Izikhungo zezokunakekelwa kwezempilo qinisa ukusebenza kwemiphumela yokuzima okwesikhathi sokusebenza (STC 40+), amaglashe okugxilwa noma okugxilwa ngokuphelele ukuthi akwazi ukubeka umthelela, namasurphasi angavuli, atholakala ngokuvula ngokuphelele okuhambisana nezimthetho zase-CDC ne-FGI
• Izindawo zokufunda zidinga izindlela zokuphuma ezihambisana ne-ANSI A117.1, izinkampani zokuphuma zokuphatha isifo, namaglashe okukhathazeka okulingana ne-CPSC 16 CFR 1201
• Izindlu Zokugcina sebenzisa amaphoyinti amaningi amangalisa amaglashe okugxilwa okunamuhla, izibalo zokuphuma ezihambisana ne-ADA zokuphuma ngokuphelele, nemifanekiso eyodwa ukuthi ibe yinkampani yamabhasi namasistimu okuphatha isifo
• Amaphoyinti wezinkampani zifaka amaphoyinti amaningi amahle okusebenza ngezinkampani ezintathu zokugxilwa, nezinkampani zokugxilwa okungaphezulu kokushaya izibalo zokubona ngokuphelele—ezihambisana nezibalo zokubona ngokuphelele—ukuthi zihambisane ngokuphelele nokuthanda kwebhizinisi nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwemithombo yokuqondisa nokuthatha izibalo zokuphatha isifo

Lokhu kucacisa ukuthi umsebenzi wenyoka ungena ngemiphumela eyodwa: amahospital ayisiza izinkampani zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo sokuvula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze zifanele nezimpendulo zase-FGI 2022, ngakho-ke amasikolo ayisiza izinkampani zokusebenza ngokuphambuka kwezinkampani zokugcina emzini noma izinkampani zokubulala ezinamandla okukhanyisa ngokufanana nokufunda kwe-IBC Babhalu 10 lezinyoka zokuhamba.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini umbuso wokubhekana nokubhekana kwamaphoyinti nezinkampani zokusebenza kwezinkampani zokusebenza?

Ukubhekana nokubhekana kuyisisekelo esikhulu kulezindawo eziphathelene nezinkampani zokubhekana nokubhekana kwezinkampani zokusebenza njengoba kusiza ukuthi izinkampani nezinkampani zokusebenza ziyakwazi ukubhekana nokubhekana kwezinkampani zokusebenza, ukusiza ukuthi zibe nesikhungo sokubhekana nokubhekana kwezinkampani zokusebenza.

Yini umbuso wokubhekana nokubhekana kwe-CW ne-AW kuyakubhekana nokubhekana kwezinkampani zokusebenza?

I-CW (Izinkampani Zokusebenza) ziyasezindawo ezingenakho ukubhekana nokubhekana okuphezulu, ngakho-ke i-AW (Izinkampani Zokubhekana) iyakwazi ukubhekana nokubhekana okuphezulu, futhi yisisekelo sokubhekana nokubhekana kwezinkampani zokusebenza kwezinkampani ezide kwezindawo eziphathelene nezinkampani zokusebenza.

Yini umbuso wokubhekana nokubhekana kwe-U-Value kwezinkampani nezinkampani zokusebenza?

I-U-Value iyabhekana nokubhekana kokuthi isithunzi siyakhupha; izivale ezincane ziyabhekana nokubhekana kokuthi isithunzi siyakhupha, futhi yisisekelo sokubhekana nokubhekana kwezinkampani zokusebenza kanye nokubhekana nokubhekana kwezinkampani zokusebenza.

Izinkulungwane ziziphi ezilungile kakhulu ukusika kwezinyango neziduli zemisebenzi?

Izinkulungwane njenge-aluminum ne-fiberglass zinakho umkhawulo nokuthunywa, futhi kufuneka kubekwe izindlela zokuhlukana kwesikhathi ukuze zifanele. I-fiberglass iyaphatha ukuthunywa nokufade kodwa kungabizwa ngokuphakeme.

Izindlela zokuhlanganisa ziyathola njani amasite kwezinyango zemisebenzi?

Izindlela zokuhlanganisa kufuneka zifanele amazidingo okodwa: imisebenzi yezempilo iyadinga izinyango zokusho kanye nezinyango ozinakho ukuchithwa; izikolo zidinga ubukhulu bokuphepha kanye nezinyango ezingavamileyo; kanye nezindlu zokusebenza zinakho ukuthula kwesikhathi ngezinyango zokubiza isikhathi esihlukene.