Izisombululo Ezihlukene Ngezinye Zezinye Zokusebenza: Yini Elingcono Kuleli Hlobo?

Kungani Kukhona Izisombululo Zokuvula Nokufaka Ezihlukene—Futhi Kuphi Kuzoba Kudingeka Ngempela

Izinkinga Zokusebenza, zokubonakala, nezinkinga Zokuhlanganisa Okungafuniwa Ngamaphoyinti Nokuvula Okwesayensi

Amafasitela neminyango eminingi ejwayelekile ayinakho ukuhlangabezana nalezo zidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Qala ngokusebenza. Lapho izakhiwo zineminyango enobukhulu obungavamile noma zidinga izici ezikhethekile njengokuvikelwa eziphepheni ngasogwini noma ukufakwa kwe-acoustic eduze kwezikhumulo zezindiza ezimatasa, imikhiqizo evamile ngeke isebenze. Kunalokho, badinga ubuchwepheshe obenziwe ngezifiso. Khona-ke kukhona ubuhle. Ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo ezingokomlando noma imiklamo yezakhiwo eyingqayizivele ngempela kudinga izinto ezifanayo nezimo ezifanayo ukuze kungabi nalutho olungabonakali. Futhi masingakhohlwa nemithetho. Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile ngokuvamile ayifinyeleli emithethweni yamandla ebuyekeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthola isitifiketi sePassive House kusho ukufinyelela amanani okufudumeza angaphansi kuka-0.8 W ngemitha ngalinye u-Kelvin, into imishayo eminingi ekhiqizwa ngobuningi engakwazi ukuyisingatha. Ngokwenhlolo-vo eyenziwa iPonemon Institute ngonyaka odlule, cishe abathuthukisi abangu-7 kwabayishumi abathengisa imikhiqizo bagcina bechithe imali engaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi semali belungisa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ngemva kokuba isilungisiwe ngoba abazange bayilandele imithetho ekuqaleni.

Isiphondo sokuhambisana: Umphakathi wokuhlukana ukwenza ubungakanani kuphela lapho kuhambisana nezindlela zokuthola iziphumo zesiprojekthi ezinokubhalwa.

Ukuguqula ngokulinganisa ukwenza umlando wokufaka imali kuphela lapho kusolvele izinkinga ezingabhalwa. Hlola lezi zikhombiso zokuhambisana:

• Ukuphatha kwemithambo yomoya nesifunda : Amawindoyi wezilayisi zasezinkundleni zokugcina amandla, esebenzisa isilayisi esingasiza ekugcineni amandla, zakhishela ukugcina kwezinkundleni ngokuphakeme kwe-37% emsulwa waseKholorado wokugcina amandla, okuzishisa izinsuku ezingu-12 kusuka kumkhombiso wokuthola i-LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design).
• Ukubuyela kwemali yokuqhubeka : Amawindoyi owesifunda esinokusebenza kwezihospitali, nesifunda esinokugcina amandla, sakhishela izindleko zokuvikela ngokuphakeme kwe-$120k ngonyaka ngalunye lwesifunda.
  Ukuhlukana ngaphandle kokuhambisana nokuthola iziphumo kusho ukuthi kungaba nomthelela wokufaka imali ngaphezulu. Khetha izisolution eziphakeme kulo mikhombiso wokuthi izinto ezingahlanganisi ziyisolvele izinkinga zokusebenza, izinkinga zokuhlanganisa nezimpendulo zokusebenza, noma izinkinga zokuthengisa ngokuphakeme kwezinsuku zokusebenza.

Izindleko ezingafihliwe zika Amawindoyi namadlozi angahlanganisi: Isikhathi sokuphatha, isibalo somlando, nokuphatha kwezinye izifundo

Izinkundla zokusebenzisa izinyathelo nezinyango eziyisilinganiso ziyaphatha izinkinga eziphambili zomsebenzi—kepha zingena kumaqinisekiso othile okuhlanganisa imikhala, izibhalo zesandla, nokuthintana kwezindlela zokusebenza. Idata yemvelo ibonisa ukuthi amasebenzi okukhetha iziqephu ezingenabizo ziyaphila ngaphezu kwezikohle ezine ngama-68% yezimboni ngokwesikhathi sokwenza iziqephu esihlukaniswe.

Ukulinganisa isidingo sokusebenzisa iziqephu ezingenabizo: Idata mayelana nomaqinisekiso, izindlela zokubhala izinto ngamakhanda, nokuthintana kwezindlela zokufumana izinto

Izinqumo ezintathu zokuthintana kwezindlela zokubhala izinto ziyapha ngokuphela uma kusukwa kwezinqumo zokusebenzisa iziqephu ezingenabizo:

Ukuthintana kwezokuthenga kubuyisa lezi zinkinga, noma 73% wezinkampani zokusebenza zizifundisa ukuthi kunezinkinga zokuzivikela isilwane sokusuka kwezindawo zokuphatha izinto ezihlukene.

Ukuthintana okuphelele: izikhumba ezihlukanayo, iziglashe ezinokugcina, nezindlela zokuxhumeka ezenziwe kabusha ukuze kwenziwe ngokuthe ngokushesha

Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha ezintathu zokuphatha kuzokuthintana kwezokugcina:

• Izikhumba ezihlukanayo nezindlela zokuxhumeka ezenziwe kabusha zisula isikhathi sokwenza ngokuthe ngokushesha ngama-30%;
• Izinketho zokugcina iziglashe , ezenziwe kabusha ngokulingana nezindlela zase-ENERGY STAR®, zisula izikhathi zokuvumela;
• Izindlela zokuxhumeka ezenziwe kabusha yokufaka kwezindawo zokuphatha nokulungisa ukuthi akukho moya kusuka phezu kwezindawo zokuphatha zisula ama-80% wezindlela zokuguqula izithombe zokusebenza.

Lezi zindlela zizokhuselela ukuziphatha kwezifundo ngaphandle kokuthi zihlukanise izikhathi zokufakwa kusukela ku-15% yezikhathi zezinto zokusebenza—kubonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha kwezifundo ngokuphelele kuzokwenzela ukuthi iziprojekthi zibe nesibonelelo.

Izisombululo zesibono sokubona isibono: Lapha izisombululo zesikhephe nezindlu zokuvula zisithembisa ukuthenga.

Amaphakathi amahle: Ukuthola ukuthembeka kwemvelo nokusula ukuthi kubhekene nezinkinga zokugcina isikhathi sokuhlala.

Izakhiwo eziqoshwe ngamakhethini aphezulu zingenza ukuba izinto ezisetshenziswayo zisebenze ngokushesha ngamaphesenti angu-30 lapho ziqeda lawo mabhuloho ashisayo acasulayo, okuyizinto eziyindawo ebuthaka ezakhiweni eziningi. Amafasitela ajwayelekile empeleni alahlekelwa cishe u-40% wokushisa kwawo khona lapho kulawo mabhuloho. Abakhi abahlakaniphile babhekana nale nkinga ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo eziqeda ukushisa nokufaka amafasitela anezingilazi ezintathu ahambisana nesimo sezulu esithile. Lokhu kusetha kunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi ohlelweni lwe-HVAC ngo-15 kuya ku-25%, okusho ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuyakhokha ngokushesha kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngamaphrojekthi anesitifiketi se-LEED Gold. Ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwengilazi ukuze zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile ze-envelope ngenkathi zivimbela nezinkinga zokuqina lapho izinto ezahlukene zihlangana khona esakhiweni. Izakhiwo ezisebenzisa lezi zindlela ngokuvamile zigcina cishe u-R1 000 ngemitha ngalinye lesikwele ngonyaka ezindlekweni zikagesi. Lokho okwakubhekwa njengenye nje izindleko kuba imali yangempela, okubaluleke ngokukhethekile ezinkampanini ezifuna ukungakhokhi lutho.

Ukubaluleka kwezindawo zokusebenza: Ukuziphatha kubantu, ukuncintisana nesifundo, nokusebenza kwezindawo zokugcina

Indlela izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngayo ezinamafasitela ithinta indlela abantu ababona ngayo ama-brand nendlela imisebenzi esebenza ngayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjenge amahhotela nezibhedlela. Lapho amahhotela efaka lezo zindonga ezinkulu ezingama-panoramic glass, izivakashi zivame ukujabula kakhulu. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwaneliseka kukhuphuka cishe ngama-22%, ngoba izivakashi zizizwa zixhumene nalokho okwenzekayo ngaphandle. Ezibhedlela, ukuthola ukukhanya okungokwemvelo okufanelekayo emakamelweni eziguli nakho kwenza umehluko. Iziguli ziyalulama ngokushesha ngo-18% uma zikwazi ukubona ukukhanya kwelanga kungena emafasiteleni azo. Iminyuziyamu namagceke amanyuvesi nawo ayazuza ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile zokungena ezivimba umsindo ongaphandle. Lezi zinhlelo zinganciphisa imisindo engadingeki ngama-decibel angaba ngu-50, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni lapho abantu kudingeka bagxile khona. Imali eyengeziwe esetshenziselwa lezi zixazululo zamafasitela ezenziwe ngezifiso iyazuzisa ngempela. Amahhotela kanokusho angakhokhisa imali engaphezu kuka-12% ngobusuku obubodwa uma ebukeka kahle ngaphakathi. Izikole nezikhungo zocwaningo zithola ukuthi abaqashi bahlala isikhathi eside ngama-30% uma ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kuhambisana nomfanekiso weziko kanye namanani alo.

Izimplications Zokudala Ngokudelela: Ukuphatha, Ukuzimisela, Nobukhulu Bekhono Ngaphezulu Kokufakwa

Uma kuziwa emafasiteleni naseminyango eyenziwe ngezifiso, ukunakekelwa njalo akunconywa nje kuphela kodwa kuyadingeka kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila kwawo. Lezi zinhlelo ezikhethekile zihlukile ezenzweni ezenziwe ngomumo ngoba ngokuvamile zidinga izingxenye ezithile ezishintshayo ezivela kumkhiqizi wokuqala kanye nochwepheshe abanekhono ukuze balungise. Lokhu kuvame ukukhuphula izindleko zokulondoloza zibe phakathi kuka-15% no-25%. Ukuhlela ngokuhlakanipha kwenza umehluko lapha. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokungena ezisevisi zifinyeleleka kalula nokukhetha izinto ezingamelana nokugqoka kunciphisa ubuhlungu bekhanda kamuva. Imithetho yokwakha nayo iyashintsha cishe njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, ngakho abaklami kudingeka bacabange kusengaphambili ngalokho okungase kwenzeke ngokulandelayo ngokuphathelene nemithetho yokusebenza kahle kwamandla, imithetho yokuphepha, nemithetho yokufinyeleleka. Uma kungenjalo, abanikazi babhekana nezindleko ezibizayo zokulungisa kabusha imishini. Emadolobheni amakhulu, ukuhlolwa okungaphumelelanga kungabiza ngaphezu kwamaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisihlanu ngenkinga ngayinye etholakele, ingasaphathwa eyokulimaza izindleko zezakhiwo. Ezakhiweni eziphakeme, amafasitela enziwe ngendlela efanele empeleni anezela inani. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezinjalo zithola imali engaphezu kuka-7% kuya ku-12% ezindaweni zamahhotela namahhovisi. Inkohliso iwukuxuba ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele nezingxenye ezivamile lapho kungenzeka khona. Cabanga ngeziphethu ezihlanganiswayo noma izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe ezisebenza kumayunithi ahlukene. Le ndlela igcina izinto zisebenza ngaphandle kokudela lokho kukhetha okwenza utshalomali lufanele isikhathi.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Kungani ngezinye izikhathi amafasitela neminyango evamile ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzi?

Amafasitela neminyango ejwayelekile kungenzeka ingahlangabezani nezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi ngenxa yezidingo ezihlukile zokuma, izici ezikhethekile njengokuvikela umsindo noma ukuvikelwa kwesiphepho, izidingo zobuhle zokubuyiselwa komlando, nemithetho yamandla ebuyekeziwe imikhiqizo ejwayelekile engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nayo.

Izixazululo ezenziwe ngezifiso zingayisheshisa kanjani imithetho yokulandela umthetho kagesi?

Izixazululo ezenziwe ngezifiso ezifana namafasitela wensimbi aqhekekile anganciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kusize ekufinyeleleni ukuhambisana namandla ngokushesha futhi kunciphise imigomo yokuqinisekisa njenge-LEED.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zezindleko zezixazululo zamakhasimende eziqondene namafasitela neminyango?

Izimbangela ezintathu eziyinhloko zezindleko zihlanganisa isikhathi esandisiwe sokuhola, ama-premium akhuphukile wezindleko zeyunithi, nezinqubo zokuthenga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezivame ukufuna ukuhlanganiswa okuningi kwabahlinzeki.

Ingabe izinhlelo ezakhiwe ngamamojula zingasiza ekunciphiseni izinhlawulo zokwenza ngezifiso?

Yebo, izisiteme zesikhundla esinezinkampani ezithile zokuphatha izinto ngaphambi kokuqala zinakuncima amasimu okukhipha nokuthuthukisa ukubeka, ngakho kunakuncima izinkinga eziphathelene nokuhlelwa.